Encode and decode Base32 strings. Supports RFC 4648 (standard & TOTP), Base32Hex, and Crockford's Base32.
Base32 encodes binary data as ASCII using a 32-character alphabet. RFC 4648 (A-Z2-7) is the standard used by TOTP / 2FA secrets. Base32Hex (0-9A-V) preserves byte ordering under sort. Crockford (0-9A-Z excluding I L O U) is human-friendly and case-insensitive. Each 5 bytes produces 8 characters with = padding for short blocks.