All 24 letters of the Greek alphabet plus every ligature and variant Unicode encodes separately (final sigma ς, digamma Ϝ, and the six math-italic variants like ϑ, ϕ, ϖ). Each card shows uppercase and lowercase glyph, LaTeX command, HTML entity, Unicode codepoint, name, and where you'll typically meet it in physics, statistics, or math. Click any value to copy it.
Sigma has two lowercase forms. σ is used everywhere except the end of a word, where it becomes ς. LaTeX renders both automatically inside a word but exposes \sigma and \varsigma explicitly. Modern math uses σ almost exclusively — the terminal form only shows up in typeset Ancient / Modern Greek prose.
Variants for math-italic. Six Greek letters have a separate italic glyph that Unicode encodes at its own codepoint: β/ϐ, ε/ϵ, θ/ϑ, κ/ϰ, ϕ/φ, ρ/ϱ, and π/ϖ. LaTeX names the variant with a \var… command (e.g. \varphi ϕ vs. \phi φ). Which glyph is the “default” and which is the “var” is a source of confusion — the reference table above always pairs them explicitly.
Digamma (Ϝ, ϝ) and koppa (Ϙ, ϙ). Archaic letters that were dropped from the classical alphabet but survive in Greek numeric notation (digamma = 6, koppa = 90) and in physics — where digamma is Euler’s constant γ derivative notation. They’re not in most fonts’ math range, so LaTeX exposes them from the amssymb package.